Despite high profits over the last few years, corporate India is
gradually reducing its dividend payout ratio. While companies' profits
are increasing every year, the owners are not sharing the largesse
with the shareholders. They are either investing the surplus in future
growth or strengthening their reserves.
An ETIG analysis of 1,000 companies over the last five years reveals
that the aggregate dividend payout ratio has dropped from 30.1% to
23.9% between FY04-FY08.
During this period, while net profit has almost trebled from Rs 70,000
crore to Rs 203,200 crore, dividend paid to shareholders has just
about doubled from 21,000 crore to Rs 48,600 crore. This translates
into a CAGR of 33% in net profit while dividend payout grew by 23%.
Dividend payout ratio reflects the proportion of net profit which is
disbursed to the shareholders. It is an important indicator of
companies' strategy and planning. A high ratio implies low opportunity
for expansion and hence payback to the shareholders, while low payout
ratio means the company is looking to reinvest the gains for future
growth.
This is evident from high payout ratio for FMCG, IT and pharma
sectors, and low payout ratio for infrastructure related sectors. Due
to the turbo-charged activity in infrastructure, companies involved in
the sector have been busy expanding operations rather than returning
cash to the shareholders.
Among the top 10 firms in terms of payout ratio (and minimum dividend
of Rs 200 crore), seven are from manufacturing sector. Prominent among
these are Hindustan Unilever, Nestle, Glaxosmithkline and Ranbaxy.
Incidentally, HUL has a payout ratio of more than 100%. This means
that total dividend paid was more than its net profit for the year.
This is possible as a company can pay shareholders by running down its
reserves. ONGC, which was the top dividend payer across firms in
absolute terms having doled out more than Rs 6,800 crore last year,
had a payout ratio of 44%.
Among major sectors, the payout ratio for manufacturing & related
activities which was above 30%, for three years till FY06, saw the
payout ratio come down to 26.6% in FY07 and 24.5% last year. This also
corresponds to capacity expansion initiatives undertaken by the
firms.
For the financial services sector including banking, dividend payout
ratio has come down but only marginally. Among the major companies,
while HDFC and PNB have reduced payout ratios, the country's largest
lender SBI has increased its payout ratio. IT sector has been quite
generous last year with payout ratio going up from 26.7% in FY07 to
31.1% FY08.
Companies in the sector increased their dividend by as much as 41% on
aggregate basis, despite a moderate growth of 21% in profits. IT is
the only sector to see significant fluctuation in its payout ratio
over last few years, probably indicating that the sector is still
evolving. The payout ratio for the sector has moved up and down
ranging between 45% and 23%, over the last five years.
For services other than financial services and IT, which includes
hotel, tourism, transport and communication, the payout ratio remained
at 15.6%. This group is also among the lowest in terms of payout
ratio.
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